Northern Research Station

Title: Eastern Hemlock Forests: Guidelines to Minimize the Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

Author: Ward, Jeffrey S.; Montgomery, Michael E.; Cheah, Carole A.S.-J.; Onken, Brad P.; Cowles, Richard S.

Date: 2004

Source: NA-TP-03-04. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Area State & Private Forestry, Morgantown, WV. 27 p.

Description: Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is the most shade-tolerant and long-lived tree species in Eastern North America. Its unsurpassed ability to tolerate low light enables it to form dense canopies and stands that provide a unique habitat for many plant and wildlife species. Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana) is a relic species limited to a small area in the southern range of eastern hemlock. Both species are being threatened by the accidentally introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae).

Keywords:  hwa, hemlock woolly aldegid, hemlock woolly adelgid disease, hemlock woolly adelgid control, hemlock woolly adelgid management, saving hemlocks,

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Citation

Ward, Jeffrey S.; Montgomery, Michael E.; Cheah, Carole A.S.-J.; Onken, Brad P.; Cowles, Richard S.  2004.  Eastern Hemlock Forests: Guidelines to Minimize the Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid.   NA-TP-03-04. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Area State & Private Forestry, Morgantown, WV. 27 p..